{"id":4645,"date":"2021-02-22T11:26:48","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T11:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theguthealthdoctor.com\/?p=4645"},"modified":"2023-03-17T15:19:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T15:19:28","slug":"coconut-oil-superfood-or-superfad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theguthealthdoctor.com\/coconut-oil-superfood-or-superfad","title":{"rendered":"Coconut oil: superfood or superfad?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If there was one food that has been equally idolised and demonised in the media, it\u2019s got to be coconut oil, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, one public survey in the coconut oil heyday found 72% of people thought coconut oil was healthy, while 63% of health professionals disagreed, highlighting the big debate around coconut oil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skip ahead a year later to 2017 and the American Heart Association issued a warning over eating coconut oil, due to its role in raising LDL cholesterol (the so-called \u2018bad\u2019 kind).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meanwhile, the coconut oil trend continued to grow, driven by claims about a whole bunch of health benefits &#8211; from using as a moisturising hair and skincare treatment to a tablespoon in \u2018bulletproof coffee\u2019 &#8211; but what does the science say?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>In a (coco)nutshell<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the reality is there are pros and cons, and the evidence is a mixed bag depending on the specific area we\u2019re looking at, so let\u2019s avoid the \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018bad\u2019 labels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you like the taste (in frying, for example), there\u2019s no need to avoid it completely, but go for small amounts and don\u2019t be fooled by the health halo. The wild health claims aren\u2019t backed up by science and high intakes could impact your heart health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s take a look at the research beyond the headlines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ed1866;\"><b>What actually is coconut oil and it\u2019s nutritional value?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coconut oil is derived from coconuts (obviously!), made by pressing fresh coconut meat and composed predominantly of lauric acid, which is a saturated fatty acid (a building block of fat).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutritionally, coconut oil is almost 100% fat, with up to 90% being saturated fats. A good tip to spot a saturated fat is that it stays solid at room temperature, unlike fats that are higher in <\/span><b><i>un<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">saturated fatty acids that will stay as a liquid, like extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the world\u2019s coconut oil comes from the Philippines. Traditional intake of coconut oil would be part of a whole diet rich in coconut which is high in gut-loving fibre &#8211; the oil wouldn\u2019t be eaten in isolation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ed1866;\"><b>The pros and cons: evidence for and against potential health benefits<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Cholesterol and heart health<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coconut oil has been shown to increase HDL cholesterol levels (\u2018good cholesterol\u2019) &#8211; <\/span><b><i>but<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a meta-analysis (that pooled results of 16 clinical trials) published in 2020 found that overall, coconut oil significantly raised LDL cholesterol in comparison with other non-tropical oils (such as olive oil and rapeseed\/canola oil). Several studies have shown that having high LDL cholesterol (often termed \u2018bad cholesterol\u2019) is a risk factor for cardiovascular (heart) disease (CVD), so despite also increasing HDL (which is a good thing), it\u2019s unlikely to cancel out the potentially negative effects of the increased LDL. That being said, an elevated LDL cholesterol on its own may not be as detrimental as once thought, and instead, when assessing your heart health your GP or physician will take into account a range of markers and other risk factors (using tools such as \u2018Qrisk\u2019).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies following people in countries where coconut is a staple part of their diets (India, Philippines and Polynesia) have found they have low rates of CVD. <\/span><b><i>But<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> usually, the whole coconut would be used, unlike processed coconut oil in Western countries, and their diets are often low in processed foods and high in fibre and oily fish. So, we can\u2019t simply attribute this to coconut consumption, as there are many other reasons that they have low rates of CVD.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Overall health and weight management<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the health claims around coconut oil relate to the level of a certain type of fat it contains (medium-chain triglycerides or MCT). A few studies suggest MCT oil could help support weight management as well as short-term cognition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. <\/span><b><i>But<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> this is not clear cut. While coconut oil is around 60% MCT, the specific types that have been found to be beneficial in clinical trials are only a small proportion of these (14% of the total fat content in coconut oil).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The studies that found beneficial effects of MCT oil (which is 100% MCT) on satiety (feeling full) and weight loss are small and of limited quality. What\u2019s more, when it comes to weight loss, this was only tiny amounts \u2013 we\u2019re talking 700g. It\u2019s certainly not at the stage where I\u2019d suggest reaching for MCT oil to help with weight management.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A 2020 systematic review, which focused on an array of studies on coconut oil, showed the potential benefits of MCT oil do not transfer over to coconut oil. Overall, when the studies were combined, coconut oil did not improve any markers of blood sugar control, inflammation or body fat when compared with other vegetable oils (such as olive or rapeseed\/canola). This is exactly why we need to look at the full body of evidence to get the full picture, rather than just a single smaller study.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are small amounts of polyphenols in virgin coconut oil (oil pressed from coconut flesh without heat treatment) <\/span><b><i>although<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> these are in tiny amounts compared to fruit and vegetables.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coconut oil has been touted as antimicrobial, due to the lauric acid (another one of those fatty acids). That\u2019s where the trend for oil pulling with coconut oil (i.e. swishing around your mouth) to support dental health and prevent cavities has comes from. <\/span><b><i>But<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the evidence is very limited so far in humans, so it\u2019s best to check with your dentist first.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Gut health<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An animal study has suggested there may be potential for coconut oil to help with specific gut infections, due to the antimicrobial effects. <\/span><b><i>But<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, not only are humans very different to mice, its \u2018anti-microbe\u2019 properties could also hypothetically impact some good microbes too! So until more research is done, if health is your focus, it\u2019s best to stick to oils with proven benefits from good quality human studies, such as EVOO (extra virgin olive oil).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are also a lot of rumours about coconut oil for helping to combat \u2018candida overgrowth\u2019 or achieve \u2018candida balance\u2019, which has been hugely misrepresented. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguthealthdoctor.com\/the-candida-diet\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read more about candida here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consuming large amounts of coconut oil (aka the \u2018coconut oil detox\u2019) like with most fats could lead to gut symptoms including diarrhoea and cramping, particularly in those with sensitive guts such as irritable bowel syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ed1866;\"><strong>T<\/strong><b>ake-home<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, the advice from both the American Heart Association and the British Heart Foundation is, for the most part, to try switching saturated fats (including coconut oil) with unsaturated sources (such as nuts, seeds, oily fish and olive oil). BUT that is not to say all saturated fats are bad (nutrition is never that black and white). For instance, I am pro-full-fat fermented dairy (which include some types of saturated fat)&#8230; but that is a whole other conversation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By all means, use coconut oil if you like the flavour. It can be delicious in traditional curries (in moderation), but I wouldn\u2019t recommend choosing it as your main fat or oil for its marketed health benefits (for that, EVOO is the top choice, backed up by numerous studies &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguthealthdoctor.com\/extra-virgin-olive-oil-why-its-the-winning-oil\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more on that here!<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If there was one food that has been equally idolised and demonised in the media, it\u2019s got to be coconut oil, right? &nbsp; In fact, one public survey in the coconut oil heyday found 72% of people thought coconut oil was healthy, while 63% of health professionals disagreed, highlighting the big debate around coconut oil&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-or-nutrition","category-myth-busting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Coconut oil: superfood or superfad? 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